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Understanding the CAP Theorem: Consistency, Availability, and Partition Tolerance in Distributed Systems
Distributed systems are designed to be scalable, resilient, and efficient. However, building such systems often involves trade-offs. One of the most important theoretical frameworks for understanding these trade-offs is the CAP Theorem. In this article, we will explore what the CAP Theorem is, what each of its components means, and how real-world systems navigate the…
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Understanding Geohashing: A Compact Way to Encode Geographic Coordinates
Geohashing is a fascinating and efficient technique used to encode geographic coordinates such as latitude and longitude into a short alphanumeric string. This method is widely used in geospatial applications where compactness, comparison efficiency, or location-based indexing is important. In this article, we explore the fundamentals of geohashing, how it works, its practical uses, and…
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Map – An approach to find distance between places
Google Maps System Design –> how to design a navigation application similar to Google Maps.
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What Is Reactive Spring Boot?
Reactive Spring Boot (via Spring WebFlux) is a non-blocking, asynchronous programming model built on Project Reactor. It supports event-driven execution, making it ideal for handling thousands of concurrent requests without being limited by traditional thread-per-request constraints. It is different from the traditional Spring MVC (which is synchronous/blocking and servlet-based). Key Benefits of Reactive Spring Boot…
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gRPC vs REST – High-Level Overview
Feature gRPC REST Protocol HTTP/2 + Protocol Buffers (binary) HTTP/1.1 + JSON (text-based) Data Format Protobuf (compact, fast) JSON (human-readable) Performance High (binary, multiplexed, compressed) Moderate (verbose JSON) Communication Bi-directional streaming, multiplexing Only request-response Contract Strongly typed via .proto files Loose, relies on conventions Language Support Auto-codegen in many languages Manual structure, less automation Browser…
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CDN – Content Delivery Network
A CDN (Content Delivery Network) is a geographically distributed network of proxy servers (edge servers or Points-of-Presence, PoPs) that cache and deliver web content (images, videos, scripts, etc.) to users with low latency and high availability. Its core goals are to: High-Level Architecture & Components Key Components: Additional Critical Layers: Building Blocks for CDN Deployment…
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Functional Approximation – Deep Neural Network
Functional approximation in reinforcement learning (RL) is a way to handle complex environments where keeping track of every possible situation (state) is impractical. Instead of storing exact values for every state, we use mathematical models (functions) to estimate them. Why is it needed? In RL, an agent learns by interacting with an environment and trying…
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Running Oracle Coherence on VM instead of Physical Machines
1. Performance Consistency 2. Low Latency 3. Resource Allocation 4. Network Optimization 5. Cluster Stability 6. Fault Isolation 7. High Throughput Requirements When to Consider Virtual Machines While physical machines are often preferred, some scenarios might make VMs a reasonable choice:
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Why Java Garbage Collection Becomes Slow When Memory Is Paged to Disk
When Memory Is Paged to Disk Paging occurs when the operating system runs out of physical memory (RAM) and uses a portion of the disk (swap space) to simulate additional memory. This happens under the following conditions: How to Prevent Paging and Slow GC Conclusion Garbage collection slows significantly when memory is paged to disk…
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Active Active Low-level Requirements
Scalable Architectures Part-1 What it takes to build Active-Active Series Part-2 Low level details of general App Here’s a more detailed explanation of each layer and the requirements to consider for making the Active-Active setup flawless: Session Management Session management is critical in an Active-Active setup to ensure that user sessions are preserved across multiple…